Title:

Biotechnology of production of antioxidant natural food red colorant

Summary

It has been developed the technology of production of a biologically active natural food red colorant with new original formula green tea extract + pokeberry extract.

The colorant is rich in polyphenols (15-18%), pectin substances (19-21%) and other biologically active compounds such as amino acids, organic acids, etc. They do not consist of any synthetic chemicals and additives, aromas and enhancers. So it is absolutely natural product. The natural food colorant with high stability is produced in a dry powder ready to use form. It is easily soluble in both hot and cold water, has pleasant bright natural red color. Due to presence of large amount of polyphenols and other bioactive compounds, the natural food red colorant possesses high antioxidant, antimicrobial activities and has high nutritional value.

Description

The proposed technology is supposed to use only physical methods such as extraction, filtration, and concentration and spray drying rather than chemical ones that is one of the advantages as many other works often use organic solvents for that purpose. Plant raw materials are commercially available and a primary cost is competitive with existing analogues. An average primary cost of the products is about 18-20 USD per kg.

The natural red food colorant can be used in food industry as a biologically active additive to color and at the same time to increase nutritional and biological value of the products as well as to create new kinds of products. Possible areas of application are as follows

·                confectionary industry;

·                meat products;

·                alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages;

·                natural juices;

·                strong wines;

·                pharmaceutical industry;

·                cosmetology

Respectively, potentially interested companies are food producers and pharmaceutical companies that are focused on natural products rather than on synthetics.

Title:

Increase of Yield of Sugar Beet and Sugar Content by Using New Technology

POD Reference

Summary

Sugar is extracted from plant sources. The most important two sugar crops are sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) and sugar beets (Beta vulgaris). Sugar remained a predominantly European crop throughout the twentieth century. Sugar beet plays the important role in the economy and is one of the leading raw materials for the production of manufactured sugar (especially in the United States).

Sugar beets grow best in regions with a moderate subtropical climate. They require the neutral soils (pH 5,8 to 7) and high water requirements. They are frequently grown under irrigation. Beet normally weighs 0,2 to 1,35 kg and has a tap root extending to soil depths of 0,6 to 1,5 m. The sugar content of a beet ranges from 8 to 17% of fresh weight. Fertility (nitrogen) stress increases beet sugar content. It takes about 1,07 tons of raw sugar to produce 1 ton of refined sugar.

The world harvested 228,7 million tons of sugar beet in 2011. The average yield of sugar beet crops worldwide was 60 tons per hectare.

Many cultivars of sugar beet exist, almost all are capable of giving root yield of 40 tons or so per hectare at 12,5 - 18% sugar content, giving 6-7 tons of sugar powder per hectare. In Europe the sugar industry has been enabled to provide sucrose for chemical and biotechnological industries at prices similar to those of the world market.

Description

The aim of this project is to improve crop production of sugar beet and maximize sucrose yield. The increase of the sugar beet productivity accompanied by the increase of sweetness is one of the most important goals in food industry. It ought to be noted here that the sugar beet production industry plays an important role in intensification of the plant growing industry. It contributes to the enhancement of the complimentary conditions for the microbial mineralization of the organic matter.

Fossil fuels (coal, oil, gas) have been identified as the major reason for the change of temperature in the atmosphere. They have been dramatically adding to the carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere.

Biofuel is one of the alternative fuel options that have a potential to help reduce oil consumption and pollution causing global warming. Although in the process of burning biofuels release roughly as much carbon dioxide as regular fossil fuels, such crops soak up carbon dioxide as they grow. That is why biofuels are thought to reduce overall exhaust emissions as compared to fossil fuels.

Bioethanol is the most common biofuel, accounting for more than 90% of total biofuel usage. Ethanol can be produced from many feedstocks, including cereal crops, corn (maize), sugar cane, sugar beet, potato, sorghum and cassava. The production of ethanol from sugar cane and sugar beet is energy-efficient since the crop produces high yields per hectare and sugar is relatively easy to extract.

New technology proposed by us enables to increase sugar yield of sugar beet from 7 (as usually) to more than 32 tons per hectare, which makes it possible to satisfy human needs in both food and biofuel production.

Title

Application of solar energy for hydrogen production

Summary

Among available directions of power engineering special attention must be noticed to ecologically pure, renewable energy sources, such as solar energy and hydrogen energy. Particularly, hydrogen production by thermal decomposition of water with application of solar energy is rather attractive. If water electrolysis process is more or less studied, processes of thermal decomposition of water with application of solar energy require more serious researches. Results of investigations in this sphere conducted over the world are quite encouraging. At the same time, it is possible to realize chain processes with application of intermediate complex chemical compounds. The summary reaction of the whole cycle is water decomposition to hydrogen and oxygen.

Thermal water decomposition may be realized by many cycles of chemical processes. Requirements of thermodynamics, kinetics, power, economics and safety must be satisfied at selection of cycles. Mixed chemical - electrochemical processes may be considered as especially available. In these processes are used temperatures less than 1000⁰C and voltage during electrochemical stage doesn’t exceed 1V. Processes with participation of iron and hydrochloric acid; iron, magnesium and hydrochloric acid; copper, magnesium and hydrochloric acid; also cadmium, boron and other substances are of interest among thermochemical cycles.

Processes which are realized with participation of water vapour and gas synthesis, with application of iron powder and its oxides, may be useful for obtaining of hydrogen of high purity there, where is possibility of obtaining of carbon oxide (e.g. at application of coal).

All above mentioned systems assume application of number of chemical and electrochemical transformations final result of which is obtaining of hydrogen and oxygen from water mainly with application of solar energy. Naturally, external source of energy, besides solar energy, is necessary for realization of the cycles of these processes. It may be electrochemical process or working of equipment controlling reactor or mirrors (concentrators of solar energy). Effectiveness of some processes is connected with concrete conditions of realization of these processes. Selection of chemical and electrochemical processes is defined by many parameters, among which intensity of solar radiation and its distribution during a day is one of most important.

Description

The goal of given project - working out of scientific foundations of thermo chemical obtaining of hydrogen from water with application of solar energy; selection of chemical and electrochemical systems applicable for hydrogen obtaining.

In the framework of given project will be accomplished the following objectives:

Ø  Preparation of equipment, acquisition of additional equipment and reagents, acquaintance with literature.

Ø  Theoretical study of Red/Ox reactions by the methods of mathematical physics and thermodynamics.

Ø  Investigation of the processes with participation of aluminium for thermochemical obtaining of hydrogen from water.

Ø  Investigation of the processes with participation of zinc for thermochemical obtaining of hydrogen from water.

Ø  Investigation of the processes with participation of boron for thermochemical obtaining of hydrogen from water.

Ø  Selection of the best system, additional researches of selected system.

Title

Application of ozone against bioterrorism

Summary

Over a period of years our scientific research team of Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Electrochemistry has been investigating the possibility of the use of ozone to combat surface pollution, solve a number of topical problems. The obtained results approved that allow the use of an ozonization is efficient for solving of many ecological problems including a liquidation of the consequences of bioterrorism.

During recent years the disinfection of infected sewage of medical institutions attracted attention, since such wastes are sewage causing a considerable deterioration of biosphere. It it’s well known that the water is one of the favorable medium for propagation of microorganisms, bacteria, viruses and etc. Sand filtration, active coal, chloramines and other actions are used for solving of this problem. In many cases chlorine as a disinfectingant mean, causes, in many cases, the formation of cancerogenic compounds, which is limiting its use in environment, narrowing the sphere of its use.

Preliminary joint investigations, on the basis of microbiological laboratories of Republican Infectious Hospital and Scientific-Research Institute of Tuberculosis, on ozone action at model systems, artificially infected with by Staphylococcus aureus, golden staphylococcus, Mycobacterium tuberculosis,le and E coli gut bacillus, Shigella by bacteria of dysentery, Salmonella sp., Pseudomonas sp. blue-green Proteus sp., yeasts and fungi mycotic and by various viruses, have shown a high efficiency of the used method.

It must be underlined that one of the possibility goals of bioterrorist attack is an infecting contaminating of water reservoirs, used by particular of the settlements, which then may cause the epidemics of severe heavy infectious diseases among in population. Our preliminary studies give a promise that the proposed method may be efficiently used in the case of bioterrorist attack of such type.

Description

The goal of the present project is: to construct a prototype of pilot ozonator and of bubbling system; to determine the optimal parameters (time and concentration) of the action of ozone, which will efficiently kill bacteria and viruses; to develop and evaluate effectiveness of ozonized water in model experiments using varions and ozonized water on various bacteria (E.coli, Shigella dysentery, Salmonella typhimurium, Salmonella enteritidis, Enterococcus faeclalis, etc. Vaccine strains of B.anthracis will be used as well) and viruses. In the last case bacteriophages will be used as a model, because of its high resemblance to viruses.

Title

New types of elastic hybrid porous polymeric compositions

Summary

Objective of the Proposal is to obtain and to investigate new types of elastic hybrid porous polymeric compositions on the basis of oligoethers and oligoesters (polyurethane foam) and modified local natural sorbents that will be characterized by high sorption ability, high electrical, sound and heat insulation and other useful physical and mechanical properties.

Annually growing scale of production, processing and use of petroleum and its products worldwide often is a cause of pollution of the environment. That is why elaboration of effective methods for their removing from the contaminated surfaces is a question of great significance.

In the submitted method it is envisaged to obtain new elastic hybrid porous polymer compositions on the basis of oligoethers and oligoesters and modified natural inorganic sorbents with high sorption ability. They can be removed from water surface together with the adsorbed petroleum products.

These sorbents can be successfully used for electro isolation, soundproofing and heat insulation of several communications, apparatus and especially of buildings.

Technology for production of the proposed elastic hybrid porous polymer compositions is elaborated for the first time and gives us the possibility to solve the abovementioned problems.

By the submitted project it is possible to organize large scale production of effective porous elastic polymer compositions and to use them for protection of the environment from pollution, in production of customer goods, in shipbuilding, aviation and automotive industry, as packaging and insulation material, etc.

Description

The important task of the present day is protection of the environment from pollution with petroleum and petroleum products.

Oil production, its processing, transportation and increased demand for production of various petroleum products promotes occurrence of complex ecological problems. These problems often are caused by accidents on oil pipelines, during transportation by ground or by sea, as well as by violation of technological regimen during oil production, etc. Thus the main task for protection of the environment is decontamination of oceans, rivers, water basins and other surfaces polluted with petroleum and its products by development and use of new effective methods.

According to statistics total annual amount of petroleum and petroleum products spilled into seas and oceans makes about 7 million tons. Extent of contamination is so great that solution of this ecological problem together with grocery and health problems is of paramount importance.

According to statistics total annual amount of petroleum and petroleum products spilled into seas and oceans makes about 7 million tons. Extent of contamination is so great that solution of this ecological problem together with grocery and health problems is of paramount importance.

For example, warmth-keeping with 10 cm thick elastic porous material reduces heating costs by several times. Electrical, heat and sound conductivity of 5 cm thick insulation material equals the conductivity of 80-100 cm thick brick wall. To maintain constant temperature in reservoirs in the range of one degree in case of using this material 3 times less electrical energy is needed. At the same time by using of natural mineral sorbents it is possible to lower the portion of oligomer up to 30-40% and more.

It should be mentioned that it becomes especially important to protect both administrative and residential buildings with heat insulation elastic porous materials because of increasing prices on energy carriers. In civil engineering it is quite necessary to protect buildings from cold in winter and from heat in summer. It is necessary to use sound insulation materials in densely populated multistory residential and other special destination buildings.